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''For the universe as a whole, it could turn out there's just as much antimatter as matter.'' Stecker, an astrophysicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. ''An antigalaxy would look just exactly like any other galaxy,'' said Dr. If a large chunk of antimatter fell to Earth, the planet would be vaporized in a blinding flash of energy. But in theory, whole islands of antimatter could be floating in the universe, cut off from matter by the empty void of space. On Earth, made exclusively of matter, a tiny particle of antimatter created in a laboratory usually lasts only a few millionths of a second before it is annihilated in a collision with matter. The process releases all the latent energy the particles contain and is many times more efficient than the nuclear reactions that power atomic and hydrogen bombs. When matter and antimatter particles collide, they are transformed into pure energy, mainly in the form of gamma rays. The antimatter particles discovered so far have the same mass and other measurable qualities as comparable particles of matter. The collisions produce tiny but intense fireballs of energy that can condense into showers of subatomic particles in which every electron has an antielectron, every proton an antiproton, and so on. It's one of the outstanding big mysteries.'' The search for symmetry has been fueled by recent experiments with atom smashers in which subatomic particles collide, creating the extremely high temperatures and pressures believed to have existed at the birth of the universe. Forward, senior scientist at the research laboratories of the Hughes Aircraft Company, said: ''The real question in everybody's mind is why the universe seems to be made up of matter when, on a cosmic scale, antimatter is just as easy to make. Wiedenbeck, an astrophysicist at the University of Chicago.ĭr. ''There's no proof it isn't out there, and some theories suggest it's waiting to be found,'' said Dr. All the matter in the universe should thus have an antimatter counterpart.
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Their search is driven in part by their belief that nature has a deep and abiding symmetry in which, metaphorically speaking, every plus has a minus, every yin a yang. While no evidence exists that the cosmos has clumps of antimatter, a few astronomers are nonetheless searching for stars and even whole galaxies made of it. In the 1990's, the antimatter search is to expand as a $80 million instrument is mounted on the side of America's orbiting space station to sweep the sky with unprecedented sensitivity for traces of the exotic material.
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Those who muse about it like to dwell on the possibilities it presents of shadowy galaxies, stars and planets that are, in effect, an anti-universe. It cannot exist in the presence of matter they annihilate each other. Fundamentally, it is the mirror image of matter but with an opposite electrical charge. Right now this work is pure research, but scientists say that in the future antimatter could be used in rocket engines, weapons, power generation and other applications.Īntimatter, with its ''Alice in Wonderland'' quality, is unlike anything else. At the edge of space, occasional rays of antimatter are being recorded by instruments that are lofted by balloons in an attempt to resolve some of the riddles that surround antimatter's origin and that of the universe. HALF a century after the discovery of the baffling, rare stuff known as antimatter, scientists are beginning to collect it in minuscule amounts, creating a wave of excitement around the world as they explore its nature and applications and redouble their efforts to find it in the heavens.īreakthroughs in making and storing this enigmatic form of matter are enabling scientists to study more of it than ever before - yet still in amounts so small that the assembled mass would be invisible to the naked eye.